Articles

4′-O-β-d-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, an active ingredient of Saposhnikovia divaricata, attenuates high-mobility group box 1 and subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm in a rat model

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was observed to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine th...

Authors: Chih-Zen Chang, Shu-Chuan Wu, Aij-Lie Kwan and Chih-Lung Lin

Effects of BPA and BPS exposure limited to early embryogenesis persist to impair non-associative learning in adults

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a polymerizing agent used in plastic bottles and several routinely used consumer items. It is classified among endocrine disrupting chemicals suspected to cause adverse health effects in m...

Authors: Mahlet D. Mersha, Bansri M. Patel, Dipen Patel, Brittany N. Richardson and Harbinder S. Dhillon

Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy in Parkinson’s disease

Electromagnetic therapy is a non-invasive and safe approach for the management of several pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative pathology caus...

Authors: Maria Vadalà, Annamaria Vallelunga, Lucia Palmieri, Beniamino Palmieri, Julio Cesar Morales-Medina and Tommaso Iannitti

DRD2 and DRD4 genes related to cognitive deficits in HIV-infected adults who abuse alcohol

HIV-infected individuals continue to experience neurocognitive deterioration despite virologically successful treatments. The causes of neurocognitive impairment are still unclear. However, several factors ha...

Authors: Karina Villalba, Jessy G. Devieux, Rhonda Rosenberg and Jean Lud Cadet

Alteration in amyloid β42, phosphorylated tau protein, interleukin 6, and acetylcholine during diabetes-accelerated memory dysfunction in diabetic rats: correlation of amyloid β42 with changes in glucose metabolism

Diabetes accelerates memory dysfunction in a continuous, slowly pathological process. Studies suggest that the time course of certain biomarkers can characterize the pathological course of the disease to provi...

Authors: You Zhou, Ying Zhao, Hailong Xie, Yan Wang, Lin Liu and Xinjia Yan

Zebrafish sexual behavior: role of sex steroid hormones and prostaglandins

Mating behavior differ between sexes and involves gonadal hormones and possibly sexually dimorphic gene expression in the brain. Sex steroids and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) have been shown to regulate mammalian sexu...

Authors: Ajay Pradhan and Per-Erik Olsson

Development of behavioral parameters and ERPs in a novel-target visual detection paradigm in children, adolescents and young adults

The present study analyzes the development of ERPs related to the process of selecting targets based on their novelty.

Authors: María Ángeles Rojas-Benjumea, Ana María Sauqué-Poggio, Catarina I. Barriga-Paulino, Elena I. Rodríguez-Martínez and Carlos M. Gómez

A 40-bp VNTR polymorphism in the 3′-untranslated region of DAT1/SLC6A3 is associated with ADHD but not with alcoholism

ADHD and alcoholism are psychiatric diseases with pathophysiology related to dopamine system. DAT1 belongs to the SLC6 family of transporters and is involved in the regulation of extracellular dopamine levels....

Authors: Omar Šerý, Ivo Paclt, Ivana Drtílková, Pavel Theiner, Marta Kopečková, Petr Zvolský and Vladimir J. Balcar

Evaluating cognitive and motivational accounts of greater reinforcement effects among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is associated with cognitive deficits and dysregulated motivation. Reinforcement improves cognitive performance, often to a greater degree among children with ADHD comp...

Authors: Whitney D Fosco, Larry W Hawk Jr., Keri S Rosch and Michelle G Bubnik

Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Urtica urens in a mice model

The present study was designed to study anxiolytic property of methanolic extracts of Urtica urens; an important and commonly used for its medicinal properties belongs to urticaceae family.

Authors: Zouhra Doukkali, Khalid Taghzouti, EL Houcine Bouidida, Mohamed Nadjmouddine, Yahya Cherrah and Katim Alaoui

The protective effect of caffeic acid on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability all over the world. Ischemic stroke results from a temporary or permanent reduction of cerebral blood flow that leads to functional and structural damag...

Authors: Guojuan Liang, Bin Shi, Weinan Luo and Junqing Yang

Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in younger and older adults

Recent studies with younger adults have shown that performance feedback can serve as a reward, and it elicits reward-related brain activations. This study investigated whether performance feedback is processed...

Authors: Barbara Drueke, Lydia Weichert, Thomas Forkmann, Verena Mainz, Siegfried Gauggel and Maren Boecker

Parent ratings of executive function in young preschool children with symptoms of attention-deficit/-hyperactivity disorder

Recent research has demonstrated that deficits in basic, self-regulatory processes, or executive function (EF), may be related to symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) already during the ...

Authors: Annette Holth Skogan, Pål Zeiner, Jens Egeland, Anne-Grethe Urnes, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud and Heidi Aase

Neuronal representation of stand and squat in the primary motor cortex of monkeys

Determining neuronal topographical information in the cerebral cortex is of fundamental importance for developing neuroprosthetics. Significant progress has been achieved in decoding hand voluntary movement wi...

Authors: Chaolin Ma, Xuan Ma, Hang Zhang, Jiang Xu and Jiping He

The roles of interoceptive sensitivity and metacognitive interoception in panic

Interoception refers to the ability to sense body signals. Two interoceptive dimensions have been recently proposed: (a) interoceptive sensitivity (IS) –objective accuracy in detecting internal bodily sensatio...

Authors: Adrián Yoris, Sol Esteves, Blas Couto, Margherita Melloni, Rafael Kichic, Marcelo Cetkovich, Roberto Favaloro, Jason Moser, Facundo Manes, Agustin Ibanez and Lucas Sedeño

Anxiolytic and antidepressant profile of the methanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits in beta-amyloid (1–42) rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) is employed in traditional medicine of many countries as analgesic, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antidepressant and cognitive-enhancing agent. Thi...

Authors: Lucian Hritcu, Jaurès A Noumedem, Oana Cioanca, Monica Hancianu, Paula Postu and Marius Mihasan

Erratum: Age-dependent decline in learning and memory performances of WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy

Authors: Ayşe Karson, Tijen Utkan, Fuat Balcı, Feyza Arıcıoğlu and Nurbay Ateş

The possible link between elevated serum levels of epithelial cell-derived neutrophil- activating peptide-78 (ENA-78/CXCL5) and autoimmunity in autistic children

In autoimmune disorders, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is the formation of antigen-antibody complexes which trigger an inflammatory response by inducing the infiltration of neutrophils. Epithelial cell-d...

Authors: Gehan Ahmed Mostafa and Laila Yousef AL-Ayadhi

Association between 5q23.2-located polymorphism of CTXN3 gene (Cortexin 3) and schizophrenia in European-Caucasian males; implications for the aetiology of schizophrenia

The objective of the study was to examine several polymorphisms in DISC1 and CTNX3 genes as possible risk factors in schizophrenia. DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) has been studied extensively in relation to...

Authors: Omar Šerý, Jan Lochman, Jana Povová, Vladimír Janout, Jiří Plesník and Vladimir J Balcar

Electroacupuncture alleviates retrieval of pain memory and its effect on phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein in anterior cingulate cortex in rats

Recent evidence suggests that persistent pain and recurrent pain are due to the pain memory which is related to the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) in anterior cingulate corte...

Authors: Jing Sun, Xiao-mei Shao, Fang Fang, Zui Shen, Yuan-yuan Wu and Jian-qiao Fang

Hippocampal neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 downstream signaling imbalance in a rat model of chronic aluminium gluconate administration

Acute and chronic brain damages including neurodegenerative diseases are a group of neuroinflammation-associated diseases characterized by cognitive function defect and progressive neuron loss. The pathophysio...

Authors: Hong Wang, Mengliang Ye, Lijuan Yu, Jianfeng Wang, Yuanxin Guo, Wenjuan Lei and Junqing Yang

Neurochemical, structural and neurobehavioral evidence of neuronal protection by whey proteins in diabetic albino mice

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) and alterations in oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplement with wh...

Authors: Jamaan Ajarem, Ahmed A Allam, Hossam Ebaid, Saleh N Maodaa, Sanad M AL-Sobeai, Ahmed M Rady, Ali Metwalli, Naif G Altoom, Khaled Elfakki Ibrahim and Mohammad I Sabri

Beraprost sodium protects against chronic brain injury in aluminum-overload rats

Aluminum overload can cause severe brain injury and neurodegeneration. Previous studies suggest that prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) expression and prostacyclin receptor (IP) activation are beneficial for treatme...

Authors: Yongquan Pan, Lijuan Yu, Wenjuan Lei, Yuanxin Guo, Jianfeng Wang, Huarong Yu, Yong Tang and Junqing Yang

Neuregulin1β improves cognitive dysfunction and up-regulates expression of p-ERK1/2 in rats with chronic omethoate poisoning

To observe the effects of neuregulin1β (NRG1β) on the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and explore the therapeutic mechanism of NRG1β on the cognitive dysfunction in rats with chronic omethoate poiso...

Authors: Lixia Rong, Kun Ding, Meizeng Zhang and Yunliang Guo

Reduced levels of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum carnitine in autistic children: relation to gastrointestinal manifestations

Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are common in autistic children. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and carnitine are anti-inflammatory molecules and their deficiency may result in GI inflammation. The r...

Authors: Gehan A Mostafa and Laila Y AL-Ayadhi

Tat-induced histopathological alterations mediate hippocampus-associated behavioural impairments in rats

HIV-1 is a global catastrophe, and is exceedingly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder is characterized by symptoms such as motor impairments, a decline in cognition, and beh...

Authors: Rivona Harricharan, Veneesha Thaver, Vivienne A Russell and William M U Daniels

Patterns of linguistic and numerical performance in aphasia

Empirical research on the relationship between linguistic and numerical processing revealed inconsistent results for different levels of cognitive processing (e.g., lexical, semantic) as well as different stim...

Authors: Dajana Rath, Frank Domahs, Katharina Dressel, Dolores Claros-Salinas, Elise Klein, Klaus Willmes and Helga Krinzinger

Decoding the processing of lying using functional connectivity MRI

Previous functional MRI (fMRI) studies have demonstrated group differences in brain activity between deceptive and honest responses. The functional connectivity network related to lie-telling remains largely u...

Authors: Weixiong Jiang, Huasheng Liu, Lingli Zeng, Jian Liao, Hui Shen, Aijing Luo, Dewen Hu and Wei Wang

Effects of background mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Disc1 L100P behavioral phenotype associated with schizophrenia in mice

Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a promising candidate susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. Several previous studies reported th...

Authors: Yosefu Arime, Ryutaro Fukumura, Ikuo Miura, Kazuyuki Mekada, Atsushi Yoshiki, Shigeharu Wakana, Yoichi Gondo and Kazufumi Akiyama

Post-adolescent developmental changes in cortical complexity

Post-adolescence is known to be a period of general maturation and development in the human brain. In brain imaging, volumetric and morphologic cortical grey-matter changes can easily be assessed, but the anal...

Authors: Anca-Larisa Sandu, Edouard Izard, Karsten Specht, Harald Beneventi, Arvid Lundervold and Martin Ystad

The role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype and parenting in early life in predicting externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

We aimed to determine whether early parenting is associated with externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether such an association is aff...

Authors: Subin Park, Bung-Nyun Kim, Jae-Won Kim, Yeon-Kyung Jung, Jin Lee, Min-Sup Shin, Hee Jeong Yoo and Soo-Churl Cho

Time course change of COX2-PGI₂/TXA₂ following global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hippocampus

Neuroinflammation plays pivotal roles in the progression of cerebral ischemia injury. Prostaglandins (PGs) as the major inflammatory mediators in the brain participate in the pathophysiological processes of ce...

Authors: Lijuan Yu, Bin Yang, Jia Wang, Lei Zhao, Weinan Luo, Qingsong Jiang and Junqing Yang

A matter of timing: harm reduction in learned helplessness

Learned helplessness has excellent validity as an animal model for depression, but problems in reproducibility limit its use and the high degree of stress involved in the paradigm raises ethical concerns. We t...

Authors: Sophie Helene Richter, Alexander Sartorius, Peter Gass and Barbara Vollmayr

The formation of source memory under distraction

It is vital to select and process relevant information while restraining irrelevant information for successful retrieval. When multiple streams of information are concurrently present, the ability to overcome ...

Authors: Heekyeong Park, Fernando Leal, Cheryl Abellanoza and James D Schaeffer

Color vision in ADHD: Part 2 - Does Attention influence Color Perception?

To investigate the impact of exogenous covert attention on chromatic (blue and red) and achromatic visual perception in adults with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Exogenous covert...

Authors: Soyeon Kim, Mohamed Al-Haj, Stuart Fuller, Samantha Chen, Umesh Jain, Marisa Carrasco and Rosemary Tannock

Colour vision in ADHD: Part 1 - Testing the retinal dopaminergic hypothesis

To test the retinal dopaminergic hypothesis, which posits deficient blue color perception in ADHD, resulting from hypofunctioning CNS and retinal dopamine, to which blue cones are exquisitely sensitive. Also, ...

Authors: Soyeon Kim, Mohamed Al-Haj, Samantha Chen, Stuart Fuller, Umesh Jain, Marisa Carrasco and Rosemary Tannock

Assessment of in vivo microstructure alterations in gray matter using DKI in internet gaming addiction

The aim of the current study was to investigate the utility of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the detection of gray matter (GM) alterations in people suffering from Internet Gaming Addiction (IGA).

Authors: Yawen Sun, Jinhua Sun, Yan Zhou, Weina Ding, Xue Chen, Zhiguo Zhuang, Jianrong Xu and Yasong Du

Right and left amygdalae activation in patients with major depression receiving antidepressant treatment, as revealed by fMRI

A differential contribution of the right and left amygdalae to affective information processing has been proposed. However, the direction of this lateralization has not been confirmed. In this study, we used a...

Authors: Yen-Ting Chen, Min-Wei Huang, I-Chung Hung, Hsien-Yuan Lane and Chun-Ju Hou

Fat-mass and obesity-associated gene polymorphisms and weight gain after risperidone treatment in first episode schizophrenia

Obesity induced by antipsychotics severely increases the risk of many diseases and significantly reduces quality of life. Genome Wide Association Studies has identified fat-mass and obesity-associated (FTO) ge...

Authors: Xueqin Song, Lijuan Pang, Yufang Feng, Xiaoduo Fan, Xue Li, Wei Zhang, Jinsong Gao, Jianjiang Zhang, Katlyn Nemani, Hua Zhang and Luxian Lv

An fMRI study of concreteness effects in spoken word recognition

Evidence for the brain mechanisms recruited when processing concrete versus abstract concepts has been largely derived from studies employing visual stimuli. The tasks and baseline contrasts used have also inv...

Authors: Tracy Roxbury, Katie McMahon and David A Copland

Reduced resting-state brain activity in the default mode network in children with (central) auditory processing disorders

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in Central Auditory Processing Disorder (C)APD. However, the neural correlates of (C)APD are poorly understood. Previous neuroimaging experiments have shown c...

Authors: Agnieszka Pluta, Tomasz Wolak, Natalia Czajka, Monika Lewandowska, Katarzyna Cieśla, Mateusz Rusiniak, Diana Grudzień and Henryk Skarżyński

Multilevel analysis of facial expressions of emotion and script: self-report (arousal and valence) and psychophysiological correlates

The paper explored emotion comprehension in children with regard to facial expression of emotion. The effect of valence and arousal evaluation, of context and of psychophysiological measures was monitored. Ind...

Authors: Michela Balconi, Maria Elide Vanutelli and Roberta Finocchiaro

Mathematical anxiety is linked to reduced cognitive reflection: a potential road from discomfort in the mathematics classroom to susceptibility to biases

When asked to solve mathematical problems, some people experience anxiety and threat, which can lead to impaired mathematical performance (Curr Dir Psychol Sci 11:181–185, 2002). The present studies investigat...

Authors: Kinga Morsanyi, Chiara Busdraghi and Caterina Primi

Age-dependent effect of high cholesterol diets on anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze test in rats

Cholesterol is an essential component of brain and nerve cells and is essential for maintaining the function of the nervous system. Epidemiological studies showed that patients suffering from anxiety disorders...

Authors: Xu Hu, Tao Wang, Jia Luo, Shan Liang, Wei Li, Xiaoli Wu, Feng Jin and Li Wang

Stuttering candidate genes DRD2 but not SLC6A3 is associated with developmental dyslexia in Chinese population

Dyslexia is a polygenic developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in reading and spelling despite normal intelligence, educational backgrounds and perception. Increasing evidences indicated that dys...

Authors: Huan Chen, Guoqing Wang, Jiguang Xia, Yuxi Zhou, Yong Gao, Junquan Xu, Michael SY Huen, Wai Ting Siok, Yuyang Jiang, Li Hai Tan and Yimin Sun

Intra-hippocampal administration of ZIP alleviates depressive and anxiety-like responses in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder

Given that impairment of fear extinction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), effective pharmacological interventions that facilitate fear extinction may provide alt...

Authors: Li-Li Ji, Lei Tong, Bao-Ku Xu, Chang-Hai Fu, Wan Shu, Jun-Bo Peng and Zhen-Yu Wang

An evaluation of traffic-awareness campaign videos: empathy induction is associated with brain function within superior temporal sulcus

Acting appropriately within social contexts requires an ability to appreciate others’ mental and emotional states. Indeed, some campaign programs designed to reduce anti-social behaviour seek to elicit empathy...

Authors: Jana Zelinková, Daniel J Shaw, Radek Mareček, Michal Mikl, Tomáš Urbánek, Darina Havlíčková, Petr Zámečník, Petra Haitová and Milan Brázdil

Polymorphisms in genes implicated in dopamine, serotonin and noradrenalin metabolism suggest association with cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations in psychosis

Homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) are the major monoamine metabolites in the central nervous system (CNS). Their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ...

Authors: Dimitrios Andreou, Erik Söderman, Tomas Axelsson, Göran C Sedvall, Lars Terenius, Ingrid Agartz and Erik G Jönsson

Fatigue correlates with the decrease in parasympathetic sinus modulation induced by a cognitive challenge

It is known that enhancement of sympathetic nerve activity based on a decrease in parasympathetic nerve activity is associated with fatigue induced by mental tasks lasting more than 30 min. However, to measure...

Authors: Kei Mizuno, Kanako Tajima, Yasuyoshi Watanabe and Hirohiko Kuratsune

Treadmill walking during vocabulary encoding improves verbal long-term memory

Moderate physical activity improves various cognitive functions, particularly when it is applied simultaneously to the cognitive task. In two psychoneuroendocrinological within-subject experiments, we investig...

Authors: Maren Schmidt-Kassow, Nadine Zink, Julia Mock, Christian Thiel, Lutz Vogt, Cornelius Abel and Jochen Kaiser