Fig. 1

Averaged ERP waveforms at midline scalp sites for novel word-form exposures across the six different training trials. Panels on the left and on the right show the training effects found at P200 and N400 intervals, respectively. Topographic maps above each set of ERP waveforms depict scalp distribution and electrodes in which the general effect of novel word training (first vs. last trial of exposure) was significant in the cluster-based random permutation analysis (time windows are highlighted in grey shaded areas). Topographic maps below each set of waveforms show the scalp distribution of the differences between novel word-forms across each new exposure. Bar graphs below each panel show the mean amplitude of each ERP obtained for novel words across the training blocks. Cluster analysis for each pair-wise comparison carried out across training trials revealed that changes at both P200 and N400 time windows were very fast (already at the second exposure) and stable over the rest of the training