Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations

Table 1 Convergent gray matter decreases associated with chronic smoking: cluster coordinates

Cluster	Region		Volume	X	Y	Z
Nonsmokers > smokers
1	Thalamus (lateral posterior nucleus)	R	592	16	−22	14
2	dmPFC (BA 6) (superior frontal gyrus)	R	576	16	24	52
3	vmPFC (BA10) (superior frontal gyrus)	L	568	−8	56	−4
4	vlPFC (BA 10) (middle frontal gyrus)	R	480	32	46	4
5	dmPFC (BA 8) (medial frontal gyrus)	R	480	10	40	36
6	Parahippocampal gyrus	L	432	−20	−34	0
7	mPFC (BA10) (medial frontal gyrus)	R	416	12	58	8
8	Medial OFC (BA 11)	B	384	2	34	−20
9	mPFC (BA10) (medial frontal gyrus)	L	376	−14	58	8
10	Cerebellum (dentate)	R	368	14	−58	−20
11	Insula (BA 13)	L	368	−40	8	10
12	Thalamus (medial dorsal nucleus)	B	360	2	−18	4

Numbering corresponds to brain regions shown in Fig. 1. Coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the clusters’ peak voxels are reported in Talairach space. Volume is mm³
B bilateral, R right, L left, BA Brodmann area, OFC orbitofrontal cortex, vmPFC ventromedial prefrontal cortex, vlPFC ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dmPFC dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, mPFC medial prefrontal cortex

ISSN: 1744-9081